Routing (Layer 3)

Learn how routers select paths, build routing tables, and use OSPF, RIP, and EIGRP.

Routing Overview

Routing is the process of selecting the best path for traffic between different networks.

Routing Table

A database that stores known routes and network destinations.

Best Path Selection

Routers choose the best path based on metrics like cost, hop count, and bandwidth.

Static Routing

Manually configured routes that do not change automatically.

Default Route (0.0.0.0/0)

Used when no specific route exists in the routing table.

Floating Static Route

Backup route with higher administrative distance.

Dynamic Routing Protocols

Routers automatically learn and share routing information.

RIP

Distance vector protocol using hop count as metric.

EIGRP

Cisco proprietary hybrid routing protocol.

OSPF

Link-state protocol using SPF (Shortest Path First) algorithm.

OSPF Deep Dive

Most important CCNA routing protocol.

Neighbor Formation

Routers form adjacencies using Hello packets.

LSDB (Link State Database)

Stores all topology information in OSPF area.

SPF Algorithm

Calculates shortest path using Dijkstra algorithm.